State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection (data compiler, editor and publisher) 1995 vector digital data Hartford, Connecticut, USA State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection The State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection is the collector of the data (compiler), the creator and maintainer of the data layer (editor), and producer (publisher) of this information for use. Data compiled at varied scales. Except for periodic corrections, this layer includes information that is relatively static and does not change over time. http://www.ct.gov/deep Salt Water Limit is a 1:24000-scale, line feature-based layer that depicts the approximate salt water limits of watercourses and embayments in coastal Connecticut. It is important to note that the exact demarcation of the salt-water extent is often not accurate. As stated in the report known as Source 1 in this metadata ("The Boundary Between Freshwater and Saltwater in Connecticut"): "Any definition and demarcation of the boundary between saltwater and freshwater is, of necessity, an approximation. The boundary is transitory and, at times, vague. Within a given body of water, it may vary from day to day, season to season, and year to year, according to such predictable and unpredictable factors as tidal magnitude, rate of evaporation, climatological and meteorological factors, estuarine circulation patterns, and the degree of vertical salinity stratification. An exact delimitation of the upstream limits of saltwater would be a difficult task and one that is probably not necessary for the purposes of coastal management in Connecticut. However, since the primary goal of Connecticut's Coastal Area Management Program is to provide for the balanced, coordinated management of coastal resources, the coastal waters of the state must be clearly and uniformly defined as required in federal and state legislation." The source data for this layer (a compilation of reports and maps) varied in cartographic scale and age but features were digitized onto standard 1:24,000 scale US Geological Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle maps. Because of this, the layer does not represent conditions at any particular point in time, nor does every waterbody have an associated salt water extent. This data layer has been updated in 2005 to include more robust attribute information, but no further updates are planned. Attribute information is comprised of an AV_LEGEND attribute that identifies the feature as the salt water extent ("Salt Limit"), eight "DATASRC[1-8]" attributes that contain a boolean (0,1) value identifying whether or not that particular source was used, a NOTES attribute for additional data source descriptions, a QUADNUMBER attribute and a QUAD_NAME attribute. Salt Water Limit is 1:24,000 scale data. Use this layer along with layers such as Hydrography Arcs and Polygons and Town boundaries to show the limits of salt water extent in Connecticut. Due to the source data and its compilation methods, use of this layer at scales larger than 1:24000 is not recommended. For additional information, refer to the various source data provided in the Source section of this metadata. 1995 publication date Complete None planned -73.663411 -71.832624 41.541296 41.001013 None Salt Water Limit Salt Water Extent Rivers Streams None Connecticut Coast Long Island Sound U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the Outlying Areas of The United States, and Associated Areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Connecticut CT U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions (Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology. United States of America USA None. The data is in the public domain and may be redistributed. No restrictions or legal prerequisites for using the data. Because the scale of the source data is varied, use caution when displaying this data. Although this data set has been used by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection as to the accuracy of the data and or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection in the use of these data or related materials. The user assumes the entire risk related to the use of these data. Once the data is distributed to the user, modifications made to the data by the user should be noted in the metadata. When printing this data on a map or using it in a software application, analysis, or report, please acknowledge the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection as the source for this information. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection Kevin O'Brien mailing and physical address

79 Elm Street

Hartford Connecticut 06106-5127 USA 860-424-3034 860-424-4054 dep.gisdata@ct.gov Monday to Friday, 08:30 to 16:30 Eastern Standard Time http://www.cteco.uconn.edu/metadata/dep/browsegraphic/saltwaterlimitfullview.gif Full view of Salt Water Limit GIF http://www.cteco.uconn.edu/metadata/dep/browsegraphic/saltwaterlimitdetailview.gif Detail view of Salt Water Limits shown with streams in the background. GIF These data are maintained by the State of Connecticut using ArcGIS software developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) in a Microsoft Windows operating system environment. The Salt Water Limit layer retains the feature types and information identified by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection and obtained from various sources identified in the Source section of this metadata. All attributes have valid values. Values are within defined domains. Line features conform to the following topological rules. Lines are single part. There are no duplicate lines. Lines do not self overlap. Lines may overlap other lines. No automated procedures or tests were performed to guarantee desired topology other than visual inspection. The completeness of the data reflects the feature content of the data sources. The Salt Water Limit layer is complete in the sense that it accurately reflects the contents of the source information available at the time the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection created the layer. This data is not updated. The horizontal positional accuracy of this data is unknown. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1978 maps and report Hartford, Connecticut USA State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection This report is the primary document explaining the procedures used in determining salt water extent in Connecticut and describing the documents, maps and other sources used in this determination. Varied paper varied publication date Source 1 - "The Boundary Between Freshwater and Saltwater in Connecticut" Report This report was prepared by the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection and explains in detail the methods, scientific or reference based, used to determine salt water extent. Included in this report are descriptions of the maps and other data that formed the bases for the final determination of salt water extent. These maps and data are further described as Sources 2 through 10 in this metadata. United States Geological Survey unknown State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection http://www.ct.gov/deep 24000 paper publication date Source 2 - USGS Field Data Topographic Maps Primary source referenced and explained in detail in the Source 1 report, as follows: "These maps, available for only a portion of the coastal area, are the original maps used by the USGS to record field data for mapping dissolved solids concentrations and other water quality parameters in surface water. They show specific conductance measurements for various sites under conditions of high tide and low streamflow (80% or greater duration). For use in this study, the specific conductance measurements have been converted to dissolved solids using 0.68 as a multiplier. While the conversion factor (multiplier) varies between drainage basins and within each basin, 0.68 represents an average conversion figure and is adequate for use in the areas for which the above data are available." Robert L. Melvin and F.P. Haeni for the New England River Basin Commission 1973 New England River Basin Commission 125000 paper Source 3 - Map of Dissolved Solids in Streams and Groundwater on Northern Coast of Long Island Sound, Connecticut Additional source referenced and explained in detail in the Source 1 report, as follows: "[This map] is based on data compiled by the USGS for its inventories of Connecticut’s drainage basins ...and uses symbols to denote dissolved solids concentrations in streams at low flow. The following categories are used (in milligrams per liter or parts per million): 0-100, 100-300, 361-500, more than 500. United State Geological Survey Unpublished Material 125000 paper Source 4 - Map of Extent of Saltwater Influence Additional source referenced and explained in detail in the Source 1 report, as follows: "This unpublished map uses hand-drawn lines to demarcate the boundary between saltwater and freshwater. The extent of saltwater influence on this map corresponds closely to a concentration of 0.5ppt dissolved solids. USGS officials indicate that this map is essentially an unrefined version of Dissolved Solids in Streams and Groundwater. However, this map has been included as a source of information because it is more legible than Dissolved Solids in Streams and Groundwater." United States Geological Survey State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection varied not applicable paper Source 5 - "Hydrogeologic Data (for the coastal drainage basins)" Report Additional source referenced and explained in detail in the Source 1 report, as follows: "The content of these reports varies from basin to basin with some giving almost exclusive attention to groundwater, and others giving a little more information on surface water. Most reports present streamflow data, records of selected wells, and water quality data for both groundwater and surface water. The latter includes concentrations of iron, chloride, dissolved solids and turbidity among others. These reports were of limited use to this study because the monitoring sites, especially for surface water, are fairly spread out and few are located in the vicinity of the freshwater-saltwater boundary." United States Geological Survey State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection varied not applicable paper Source 6 - "Water Resources Inventories" Report Additional source referenced and explained in detail in the Source 1 report, as follows: "Of the five coastal drainage basins, published inventories exist for the Lower Thames and Southeastern Coastal River Basins (Part 3), Southwestern Coastal River Basin (Part 4), and Lower Housatonic River Basin (Part 5). The inventories for the Quinnipiac River Basin (Part 8) and the Lower Connecticut River Basin (Part 10) are being prepared. The Water Resources Inventories function as interpretative reports for the data presented in Hydrogeologic Data. They contain summaries of streamflow characteristics and water quality in addition to providing tables, graphs, and maps summarizing various types of data. The maps depicting dissolved solids concentrations along with the extent of saltwater influence were particularly useful to this study." William A. Niering and R. Scott Warren (Editors) Students of Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut 1974 New London, Connecticut USA Connecticut College not applicable paper 1974 publication date Source 7 - "Tidal Wetlands of Connecticut: Vegetation and Associated Animal Populations" Report Additional source referenced and explained in detail in the Source 1 report, as follows: "This study, conducted by Drs. Niering and Warren, their colleagues, and students at Connecticut College in New London, analyzed the vegetation of 127 marsh areas, representing 12,174 acres of the state’s 15,586 acres. Most marshes exhibit a bay to upland sequence of vegetation belts recognized by Miller and Egler (1950) including Spartina alterniflora lower slope (intertidal zone), Spartina patens upper slope (high marsh), Juncus gerardi (lower border), and Panicum virgatum (upper border). Within this pattern, a mosaic of various subtypes is usually apparent. Niering’s study describes the abundance of various species of flora and fauna in addition to major environmental impacts (dredging, ditching, tidal gates, construction, etc.) for each marsh area surveyed. Although the study areas are not mapped, many are described in sufficient detail so that their boundaries may easily be determined using USGS 1:24,000 scale topographic maps in conjunction with maps depicting state-regulated tidal wetlands. All of the areas surveyed are dominated by salt-dependent vegetation. In a few cases these wetlands extend into areas of freshwater influence and this is noted by the authors. Although no salinity measurements were taken, the existence of certain types of vegetation can be used as an indication that the salt content of the surrounding water exceeds 0.5ppt. The information provided in Niering’s study has been used both as a secondary source to verify USGS data and as a primary source for areas where no other data were available. The salt marsh descriptions were especially valuable in determining the extent of saltwater influence in small streams and creeks." State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection Unpublished Material 24000 paper Source 8 - Map Overlays of State-Regulated Tidal Wetlands Additional source referenced and explained in detail in the Source 1 report, as follows: "These overlays, showing the boundaries of state-regulated tidal wetlands, were used as a secondary source to locate the areas described by Niering’s study (See III c), to resolve conflicts between other data sources, and in a few cases to approximate the extent of saltwater influence where no other data were available." Unknown not applicable varied Source 9 - Other Miscellaneous Sources Additional sources noted on the published salt water extent paper maps were used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection United States Geological Survey Unpublished Material 24000 paper Source 10 - Topography, Obvious Constrictions, and Salinity of Nearby Bodies of Water. This source consists of topography, obvious constrictions and salinitiy of nearby bodies of water. An explanation is provided below (taken from Source 1 report, p. 12): "Topography: For the watercourses for which there are adequate data, the extent of saltwater influence rarely extends farther upstream than the 10-foot contour as it appears on USGS topographic maps. Obvious constrictions: These constrictions tend to reduce or block the upstream flow of saltwater resulting from the incoming tide. They may also influence the downstream flow of freshwater but their greatest effect is generally on saltwater circulation.. Man-made constrictions include tidal gates, dams, bridge foundations and causeways. Natural constrictions include land patterns of the adjacent shorelands and the addition of freshwater from tributaries. Examination of Surrounding Bodies of Water: If larger bodies of water located near the stream in question are saline and no major sources of freshwater are located directly upstream from the area under examination, the stream is considered to be saline up to a reasonable point determined by topography and the existence of constrictions. The method of estimation described above ... was used only for a few small streams and creeks where its use was dictated by a lack of any other applicable data." State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1995 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection http://www.ct.gov/deep 24000 paper Source 11 - Blueline Copies of Coastal Area Topographic Maps Salt water extent areas were drawn onto these maps based on data provided in the preceding sources. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection http://www.ct.gov/deep 24000 disc 1995 publication date Source 12 - Salt Water Limit Shapefile This data source refers to all features combined in one statewide layer. Note that although this is a statewide layer, not every waterbody will have an associated salt water extent. Since initial publication in 1995, subsequent publications or editions of the layer were generated by the State of Connecticut in order to convert from NAD 27 to NAD 83 geographic coordinate system. Consequently, different copies of this layer were produced, representing various steps in the data layer development and maintenance process (metadata lineage). Changes made to the entire layer are reflected in metadata process steps where this particular data source is cited as both the Source Used and the Source Produced. Creation of Topographic Maps Showing Salt Water Limits - Data from the two small scale maps ("Extent of Saltwater Influence" [Source 4] and "Dissolved Solids in Streams and Groundwater [Source 3]") and the maps containing the original USGS field data [Source 2] were plotted on blueline copies of coastal area topographic maps (1:24,000). Areas lacking adequate data and areas showing conflicts between data sources were noted. Subsequently, each map quadrangle was examined using the remaining sources of data in addition to those already plotted in order to mark the boundary as close as possible to the actual extent of saltwater influence as defined in the Source 1 report. Source 1 - The Boundary Between Freshwater and Saltwater in Connecticut Source 2 - USGS Field Data Topographic Maps Source 3 - Dissolved Solids in Streams and Groundwater on Northern Coast of Long Island Sound, Connecticut Source 4 - Extent of Saltwater Influence Source 5 - Hydrogeologic Data (for the coastal drainage basins) Source 6 - Water Resources Inventories Source 7 - Tidal Wetlands of Connecticut: Vegetation and Associated Animal Populations Source 8 - Overlays of State-Regulated Tidal Wetlands Source 9 - Other Miscellaneous Sources Source 10 - Topography, Obvious Constrictions, and Salinity of Nearby Bodies of Water 1995 Source 11 - Blueline Copies of Coastal Area Topographic Maps State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection Ron Rozsa mailing and physical address

79 Elm Street

Hartford Connecticut 06106 USA 860-424-3034 860-424-4054 Feature digitizing and attribution (digitizing tablet method) - Using ESRI ArcInfo software, features were digitized by registering the source map (Source 11) to the digitizing tablet and using the crosshairs of the digitizer's mouse to manually capture the geometry (location) of features drafted on the map. The corners of the USGS 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle maps are used as registration points and are depicted on the source map. The source map was registered to the digitizing tablet by digitizing (entering) the locations of four quadrangle corner registration points shown on the map. Individual features were manually digitized off the source map and assigned a "0" or "1" value in the appropriate DATASRC attribute field to denote the source used for that particular feature. Because there were eight original sources as described in the "Boundary Between Saltwater and Freshwater in Connecticut" (Source 1 in this metadata), eight DATASRC attribute fields were created and named DATASRC1 through DATASRC8. Some features used more than one source, whiles others did not use any of the eight sources and instead were coded as zero's ("0") in each DATASRC attribute field. In those cases, an explanation of the alternate source used for that feature was entered as text into the NOTES attribute field. The quadrangle number and the quadrangle name for each feature were also entered into the QUADNUMBER and QUAD_NAME attribute fields, respectively. Feature location and attribute accuracy was visually checked and inspected by symbolizing and labeling features according to attribute value on the computer screen and on the hard copy toopgraphic maps. Source 11 - Blueline Copies of Coastal Area Topographic Maps 1995 Source 12 - Salt Water Limit Shapefile State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection Datum conversion - Using DEPGIS Connecticut NADCON Extension for ESRI ArcView 3 software, this layer was converted from the Connecticut State Plane Coordinate System of 1927 (NAD27) to the Connecticut State Plane Coordinate System of 1983 (NAD83). The NADCON (North American Datum CONversion) data transformation was used. Source 12 - Salt Water Limit Shapefile 1999 Source 12 - Salt Water Limit Shapefile State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection State of Connecticut, United States of America Vector String 453 Lambert Conformal ConicLambert Conformal Conic41.20000041.866667-72.75000040.833333999999.999996499999.999998 coordinate pair 0.000250 0.000250 survey feet North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 1.000000 Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Salt Water Limit Salt Water Limit represented as line features. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection OBJECTID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. DATASRC1 Data source used: USGS field data topographic maps. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 0 Data source not used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1 Data source used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection DATASRC2 Data source used: "Water Resources Inventories" and "Hydrogeologic Data" (Parts 3,4,5,8,10) State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 0 Data source not used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1 Data source used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection DATASRC3 Data source used: Map entitled "Dissolved Solids in Streams and Groundwater on North Coast of Lond Island Sound, Connecticut" State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 0 Data source not used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1 Data source used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection DATASRC4 Data source used: Unpublished map, "Extent of Saltwater Influence" (USGS) State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 0 Data source not used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1 Data source used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection DATASRC5 Data source used: "Tidal Wetlands of Connecticut: Vegetation and Associated Animal Populations" State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 0 Data source not used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1 Data source used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection DATASRC6 Data source used: Map overlays showing state-regulated tidal wetlands State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 0 Data source not used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1 Data source used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection DATASRC7 Data source used: Other studies (sources noted on maps) State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 0 Data source not used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1 Data source used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection DATASRC8 Data source used: Estimation based on topography, obvious constructions, and salinity of nearby bodies of water State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 0 Data source not used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 1 Data source used. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection NOTES Text describing data source if other than Data Sources 1 through 8. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection Text value QUAD_NAME Name of USGS quadrangle in string format. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection Ansonia Quad Name United States Geological Survey Branford Quad Name United States Geological Survey Bridgeport Quad Name United States Geological Survey Clinton Quad Name United States Geological Survey Deep River Quad Name United States Geological Survey Essex Quad Name United States Geological Survey Glennville Quad Name United States Geological Survey Guilford Quad Name United States Geological Survey Hamburg Quad Name United States Geological Survey Milford Quad Name United States Geological Survey Mystic Quad Name United States Geological Survey New Haven Quad Name United States Geological Survey New London Quad Name United States Geological Survey Niantic Quad Name United States Geological Survey Norwalk South Quad Name United States Geological Survey Norwich Quad Name United States Geological Survey Old Lyme Quad Name United States Geological Survey Old Mystic Quad Name United States Geological Survey Sherwood Point Quad Name United States Geological Survey Stamford Quad Name United States Geological Survey Uncasville Quad Name United States Geological Survey Watch Hill Quad Name United States Geological Survey Westport Quad Name United States Geological Survey Woodmont Quad Name United States Geological Survey Coordinates defining the features. SHAPE Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. QUADNUMBER Number of USGS quadrangle in string format. State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 72 Quad Number 72 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 84 Quad Number 84 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 85 Quad Number 85 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 87 Quad Number 87 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 88 Quad Number 88 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 94 Quad Number 94 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 95 Quad Number 95 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 96 Quad Number 96 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 97 Quad Number 97 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 98 Quad Number 98 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 99 Quad Number 99 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 100 Quad Number 100 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 101 Quad Number 101 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 102 Quad Number 102 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 103 Quad Number 103 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 104 Quad Number 104 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 108 Quad Number 108 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 109 Quad Number 109 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 110 Quad Number 110 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 111 Quad Number 111 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 112 Quad Number 112 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 113 Quad Number 113 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 114 Quad Number 114 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection 115 Quad Number 115 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection SHAPE.len Includes the source data used to define each feature (DATASRC[1-8]), comments regarding the feature if alternate data sources are used (NOTES), number of the USGS quadrangle (QUADNUMBER), and name of the quadrangle (QUAD_NAME) feature is located on State of Connecticut, Department of Enviromental Protection mailing and physical address

79 Elm Street

Hartford Connecticut 06106-5127 USA 860-424-3540 860-424-4058 dep.gisdata@ct.gov Monday to Friday, 08:30 to 16:30 Eastern Standard Time Salt Water Limit Shapefile, Feature Class ArcGIS Zip file http://www.ct.gov/deep An online copy of the data may be accessed without charge. The data distributor does not provide custom GIS analysis or mapping services. Data is available in a standard format and may be converted to other formats, projections, coordinate systems, or selected for specific geographic regions by the party receiving the data. Geographic information sytem (GIS), computer-aided drawing or other mapping software is necessary to display, view and access the information. 20120119 State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection Jacqueline Mickiewicz mailing and physical address

79 Elm Street

Hartford Connecticut 06106-5127 USA 860-424-3540 860-424-4058 dep.gisdata@ct.gov Monday to Friday, 08:30 to 16:30 Eastern Standard Time FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile