State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection (compiler, editor, and publisher)
2007
Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index
2007
vector digital data
Hartford, Connecticut, USA
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index references a set of digital color infrared imagery collected and compiled during the 1980 Connecticut Coastal Color Infrared Aerial Photography Project by Aero Graphics, Corp. for the State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection.
http://www.ct.gov/deep
Aero Graphics, Corp. (data compiler)
The State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection is maintainer and producer (publisher) of this data for use.
1980
1980 Connecticut Coastal Photography Project
1980
Aero Graphics Corp. was contracted by the State of Connecticut to provide the Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography. Contract deliverables included 9" by 9" hardcopy black & white photo prints, 9" by 9" original color infrared film transparencies for stereoscopic viewing, hardcopy photo indexes, & 35mm oblique photo slides. NOTE: Due to problems in conforming to several contractual flight specifications for all images (namely coverage area, low-tide coordination, solar orientation, cloud coverage, and flight metrics,) this project was reflown in the Summer of 1981.
The Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index is a polygon feature class that defines the approximate extent of the geographic area covered by each Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography image. The 1980 Coastal Photography data for Connecticut is comprised of 777 non-georeferenced 1:12,000 scale 9" by 9" vertical color infrared aerial images and these data include a polygon feature for each image that measures roughly 1.7 by 1.7 miles and covers approximately 2.89 square miles. The extent of all the polygons comprise a project area described by:
* all land areas within one-thousand (1000) feet of Mean High Water (MHW) and within one-thousand (1000) feet of state-regulated tidal wetlands;
* an area of at least two-thousand (2000) feet waterward of the immediate shoreline of Long Island Sound;
* all offshore islands within the territorial borders of the State of Connecticut including Goose Island and Falkner Island (offshore of Branford); Calf Islands and Great Captain Island (offshore of Greenwich); Norwalk Islands (offshore of Norwalk); Thimble Islands (offshore of Branford); Sandy Point (offshore of Stonington); and all islands in the Connecticut part of Fishers Island Sound; and
* the main stem of the Connecticut River up to the Massachusetts State line.
The Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index is organized in a non-regular grid pattern that reflects the orientation of the flight lines needed to accurately and efficiently photograph the project area. The tiles have an approximate sidelap (overlap between tiles in adjacent flightlines) of 30% and an approximate endlap (overlap between adjacent tiles within a flightline) of 60% in order to achieve well defined stereo pairs.
Each point feature is identified by a unique PHOTO_NO value, which matches the filename of the corresponding digital photo image as well as the hardcopy prints and transparencies maintined by the State of Connecticut Department of Environmantal Protection. In addition, each polygon feature also contains the unique flight line, film roll, photo exposure numbers, and date recorded on the original film transparency and hardcopy print as well as basic information on the flight including the year, photography type, tide control, vegetation state, scale, etc.
NOTE: Due to problems in conforming to several contractual flight specifications for all images (namely coverage area, low-tide coordination, solar orientation, cloud coverage, and flight metrics,) this project was reflown in the Summer of 1981.
These data serve as a polygon index to the set of 1980 Coastal Photography image tiles for Connecticut.
The Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography is neither orthorectified nor georeferenced to any real-world coordinate sytem.
To maximize the quality of the images and their contents, photography was specified to conform to the following environmental conditions:
* photos were only taken during times of no/minimal cloud cover when lighting and weather conditions optimized the color infrared film;
* solar altitude was more than thirty (30) degrees;
* the ground detail was not obscured by flooding;
* the foliage (salt marsh vegetation in particular) was fully developed;
* seasonal conditions (summer) favored maximum human use/recreation activities (e.g., boats & temporary docks/structures in water, etc.);
* photo times were planned within one (1) hour window before or after a predicted low tide based on National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) predicted tide tables. (In instances where this window caused conflicts with the general restricted hours, tide coordination times superceded that limitation); and
* no photography was flown between the hours 1100 and 1300 Eastern Standard Time (EST) to minimize specular reflection.
NOTE: Due to problems in conforming to several contractual flight specifications for all images (namely coverage area, low-tide coordination, solar orientation, cloud coverage, and flight metrics,) this project was reflown in the Summer of 1981.
The photos exist as 1:12,000 vertical color infrared images. Color infrared photography, often called false color photography because it renders the scene in other than the normal colors seen by the human eye, is widely used for interpretation of natural resources. Atmospheric haze does not interfere with the acquisition of the image, therefore is well suited to aerial photography. Because the film is high speed and subject to degrees of degradation in handling before exposure, the aerial photographs can vary in overall tone. This variability can complicate the interpretation of color tones between photographs, but some general guidelines can be given to aid the inexperienced interpreter.
* The red tone of color infrared aerial photographs is almost always associated with live vegetation. Very intense reds indicate vegetation which is growing vigorously and is quite dense. Knowledge of the vigor and density of vegetation is important to the interpretation of the red colors on color infrared aerial photography.
* As the vigor and density of vegetation decreases, the tones may change to light reds and pinks. If plant density becomes low enough the faint reds may be overcome by the tones of the soils on which the plants are growing. The ground areas in this case will appear in shades of white, blue, or green depending on the kind of soil and its moisture content. As plant vigor decreases, the vegetation will show as lighter shades of red and pink, various shades of greens, and possible tans. Dead vegetation will often be shades of greens or tans.
* Bare soils will appear as shades of white, blue, or green in most agricultural regions. In general, the more moist the soil the darker the shade of that particular soil color. Composition of the soil will affect the color tones shown on the photographs. Dry sand will appear white and, with more moisture, may be very light gray or possibly light tan. Clayey soils will generally be darker in color than sands and tend toward tans and bluegreens. Again, wetter clays will be darker shades of the same tones. Soils high in organic matter, like silts and loams will be even darker in color, and usually in shades of blues and greens. Wet organic soils can be very dark blue or green in the aerial photographs.
* Man-made features will show in the tones that relate to the materials they are made of. Asphalt roads, for example, will be dark blue or black, gravel or dirt roads will show as lighter colors, depending on the soil materials involved in their composition, and concrete roads will appear light in tone, assuming clean concrete. The buildings and streets of towns can be considered in a similar manner, their color dependent on the material they are made of.
* Water will appear as shades of blue, varying from nearly black to very pale blue. Clear, clean water will appear nearly black. As the amount of sediment increases, the color becomes increasingly lighter blue. Very shallow water will often appear as the material present in the bottom of the stream. For example, a very shallow stream with a sandy bottom will appear white due to the high level of reflection of the sand.
* Degraded film will result in photographs which have an overall blue or green cast. When that occurs, the interpretation must consider what that overall cast will do to a "normal" rendition of the scene.
(Description and guidelines for color infrared photography taken from the United States Geological Survey Aerial Photo FAQ web page, http://edc.usgs.gov/guides/news/aerialfaq.htmlt#A10)
19800718
19801001
date of photography
None planned
-73.705841
-71.804600
42.045593
40.960171
ISO 19115 Topic Category
imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
None
aerial photo index
1980
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the Identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the Outlying Areas of The United States, and Associated Areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, DC, National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Connecticut
CT
U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions (Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4): Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology.
United States of America
USA
None. No restrictions or legal prerequisites for accessing the data. The data is in the public domain and may be redistributed.
None. No restrictions or legal prerequisites for using the data after access is granted. The data is suitable for use at appropriate scale, and is not intended for maps printed at scales greater or more detailed than 1:12,000 scale (1 inch = 1,000 feet). Although this data set has been used by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection as to the accuracy of the data and or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection in the use of these data or related materials. The user assumes the entire risk related to the use of these data. Once the data is distributed to the user, modifications made to the data by the user should be noted in the metadata. When printing this data on a map or using it in a software application, analysis, or report, please acknowledge the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection as the source for this information.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Kevin O'Brien
mailing and physical address
79 Elm Street
Hartford
Connecticut
06106-5127
USA
860-424-3030
860-424-4054
dep.gisdata@ct.gov
Monday to Friday, 08:30 to 16:30 Eastern Standard Time
http://www.cteco.uconn.edu/metadata/dep/browsegraphic/photoindex1980coasttilefullview.gif
Full view of 1980 Photo Index Coast Tiles
GIF
http://www.cteco.uconn.edu/metadata/dep/browsegraphic/photoindex1980coasttiledetailview.gif
Detail view of 1980 Photo Index Coast Tiles
GIF
Aero Graphics Corp. was contracted by the State of Connecticut to provide the Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography. All imagery and data products were defined under State of Connecticut contract award number 790-A-5-2634.
None
None
No restrictions for handling the data.
Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.3000
The Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index layer retains the feature types and information identified by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection and obtained from the flight specifcations . All attributes have valid values. Values are within defined domains. The Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index features were manually and automatically selected and populated with attributes values to (uniquely) identify and describe individual features. Accuracy checks involved visually inspecting the correlation between the Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index polygon features and their corresponding photographs with 2004 orthophoto basemap imagery for the State of Connecticut to ensure the non-georeferenced photos were located and oriented to the ground features.
Polygon features conform to the following topological rules. Polygons are single part. There are no duplicate polygons. Polygons do not self overlap, although adjacent polygons do overlap. Overlap was defined by flight specifications and corresponds to approximately 30% sidelap (overlap between tiles in adjacent flightlines) and 60% endlap (overlap between adjacent tiles within a flightline.)
Establishment of logical consistency was performed by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection using ESRI ArcGIS software to manually create and control feature topology in GEODATABASE format. No automated procedures or tests were performed to guarantee desired topology other than visual inspection.
The completeness of the data reflects the content of the data source, which is the State of Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 1980 Coastal Photography. The Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index is complete in the sense that it accurately reflects the number, extent, and location of the photos available at the time the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection created the layer. This data is not updated.
The horizontal positional accuracy of this data is unknown.
Polygon features are approximate (alternate) representations for large area objects or observations having well-defined, visible, recoverable, or permanent boundaries or demarcations.
Polyogn features are accurately positioned for these locations because objects were easily identifiable on aerial photos.
Aero-Metric, Inc. (data compiler)
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection (data editor and publisher)
2007
Connecticut 2004 Orthophoto Imagery Basemap
remote-sensing image
Hartford, Connecticut, USA
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
The scale of the accuracy of imagery, data and products meets horizontal National Map Accuracy Standards (NMAS) for 200-scale mapping. Photography is black and white and flown under clear sky conditions when deciduous trees and shrubs are in leafless condition ("leaves off") and the ground is free from ice, snow, cloud shadows, and floodwaters. The Spring of 2004 was particulary wet, making it extremely difficult to arrive at conditions ideal for conducting a statewide aerial survey. Consequently, portions from 2000, 2005 and 2006 aerial surveys were used for orthophotographic production where there was unacceptable Spring 2004 orthophotography. All 2004 Statewide Aerial Survey imagery and data products defined under State of Connecticut contract award number RFP-990-A-14-0518-C (dated Feb 22, 2000), including contract award supplement #1 (dated Feb 28, 2002), contract award supplement #2 (dated Nov 4, 2004), contract award supplement #3 (dated Nov 26, 2004) and contract award supplement #4 (dated May 13, 2005)
24000
disc
2004
2000
2005
2006
publication date
Source 1 - Ortho_2004_Imagery
Baemap reference to identify and align 1980 photo images.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection (data compiler, editor and publisher)
Unpublished Material
Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Index Points
vector digital data
Hartford, Connecticut, USA
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Index points that geogrpahically locate the approximate loation of the 1980 Coastal Photographs on maps. These points correspond to the area of the photo where the unique flightline/roll number/exposure number were visible in the hardcopy index layers provided by AeroGraphic, Corp. Due to the orientation of flightlines, these were not uniform (ie., not all were upper left or upper right corners, rather there were a mix based on cartographic presentation.)
24000
disc
19800718
19801001
ground condition
Source 2 - Photo_index_1980Coastal_point
A previously created point based layer used to identify the approximate location for the 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index features on maps or with other GIS data layers.
AeroGraphic Corp. (data compiler)
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection (data editor and publisher)
1980
Connecticut 1980 Coastal Imagery
remote-sensing image
Hartford, Connecticut, USA
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
24000
disc
19800718
19801001
ground condition
Source 3 - Photo_1980Coastal_Imagery
The scanned imagery of the 1980 Coastal Photography flight films used to create and orient the corresponding image tile index feature.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection (data compiler, editor and publisher)
2007
Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index
vector digital data
Hartford, Connecticut, USA
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
24000
disc
2007
publication date
Source 4 - Photo_index_1980Coastal_tile
Photo_index_1980Coastal_tile is in GeoDatabase Feature Class format
Georeferencing followed by Feature digitizing, placement, and attribution (heads up digitizing method) -
Using ESRI ArcGIS software, the coordinate system for an ArcMap data frame was set to the Connecticut State Plane Coordinate System NAD 83, with map units in feet. As a reference layer, Source 1, (Connecticut 2004 Orthophoto Basemap) was added to the data frame. The map scale for the reference layer is 1:12,000, making it the most accurate reference layer available at the time of georeferencing.
A representative photo from Source 3, (Connecticut 1980 Coastal Imagery) was then added to the data frame and manually georeferenced by adding 3 to 4 control points that linked known positions on the data source to known positions (in map coordinates) on the reference layer (Connecticut 2004 Orthophoto Basemap). Control points were added by first clicking a known location on the source map (e.g. road intersection) and then clicking on the same location on the reference layer (Connecticut 2004 Orthophoto Basemap). The selection of control points is a subjective process that greatly affects the transformation process. The Root Mean Square (RMS) error generated by the ArcGIS software indicated the amount of error involved in transforming the control point coordinates and quality of the georeferencing process. Efforts to keep the overall RMS error to a minimum were employed, typically involving selecting different control point locations to georeference the source data when bad feature fit or systematic shifts indicated by poor transformation were observed. RMS error values were not retained. Transformations involved first order polynomial operations only.
With a correctly georeferenced data source, the orientation and extent of the representative photo from Source 3, (Connecticut 1980 Coastal Imagery) was hand-digitized in the Source 4, (Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index) geodatabase polygon feature class by zooming into the corners place vertices that would to as accurately as possible replicate the geometry of the georeferenced image as a polygon.
This representative polygon tile was then copied, placed, and oriented for the other 776 1980 photo locations described in Source 2 (Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Index Points.) Approximate placements for the tiles were driven by the index point locations, and visual inspections of the features found on the 1980 photo and the 2004 orthophoto basemap led to refining the tile placement by rotating or shifting it to best fit the visual content and extent of the two images.
Once a polygon tile was correctly placed, features unique to that tile (i.e., flight line, film roll, exposure number, photo number, date, time) were assigned. Feature location and attribute accuracy was visually checked and inspected by symbolizing and labeling features according to attribute value on the computer screen. Inconsistencies or anomolies were examined and corrected if necessary. Once all polygons were placed, attributes germane to the entire flight were added (i.e., photo year, tide control status, scale, ground resolution, data compiler/maintainer, etc.) via automated field calculations. Feature location and attibute accuracy was once again visually checked and inspected by symbolizing and labeling features according to attribute value on the computer screen. Inconsistencies or anomolies were examined and corrected if necessary.
Source 1 - Ortho_2004_Imagery
Source 2 - Photo_index_1980Coastal_point
Source 3 - Photo_1980Coastal_Imagery
2006
Source 4 - Photo_index_1980Coastal_tile
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Kevin O'Brien
mailing and physical address
79 Elm Street
Hartford
Connecticut
06106
USA
860-424-3034
Dataset copied.
\\gisserver\olisp\Users\kobrien\AerialPhotoIndexing\working\OLISP_PhotoIndexing.mdb
Yes - approximately 14% of photos are impacted by cloud cover in excess of project specifications.
Vector
G-polygon
777
Lambert Conformal ConicLambert Conformal Conic41.20000041.866667-72.75000040.833333999999.999996499999.999998
coordinate pair
0.000250
0.000250
survey feet
North American Datum of 1983
Geodetic Reference System 80
6378137.000000
298.257222
1.000000
Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates
Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index
Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index represented as polygon features.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
FileName
Image File Name
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
PHOTOYEAR
ID_NO
Feature geometry.
ESRI
Coordinates defining the features.
PHOTO_NO
ROLL_NO
FLTLINE_NO
PHOTODATE
PHOTOTIME
PHOTOSCALE
PHOTOCOLOR
PHOTOTYPE
TIDECNTRL
VEGETATION
AVFTPERPIX
COMPILER
MAINTAINER
OBJECTID
Internal feature number.
ESRI
Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
FILENAME
SHAPE
Feature geometry.
ESRI
Coordinates defining the features.
PhotoYear
Text field indicating the year the photos were taken in.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
ID_no
Numeric field providing a unique identifier for each tile. Idenitical value to PHOTO_NO.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Photo_no
Text field providing a unique identifier for each tile. Idenitical value to ID_NO.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
1
777
Roll_no
Identifies which roll of film was used for the photo(s.)
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
1
7
FltLine_no
Identifies which flight line was associated with the photo(s.)
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
1
47
PhotoDate
Identifies the specific date a photo was taken.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
19800718
19801001
PhotoTime
Identifies the time a photo was taken, iff applicable. Time values were only recorded for the first and last photos in a flightline.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
PhotoScale
Scale of the photos.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
PhotoColor
Type of film used to capture the photos.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Color Infrared
Black/White
True Color
Other
PhotoType
Identifies the type of photo by classifying the camera orientation.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Scanned Vertical Aerial Film
scanned version of aerial photo - no georeferencing/orthorectification
Digital Orthophoto
orthorectified digital photo
TideCntrl
Indicates if tide control was used an in what manner.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
No - outside of specifications
The photos do not conform to project specifications for this attribute.
The photos do not conform to project specifications for this attribute.
The photos do not conform to project specifications for this attribute.
Vegetation
Identifies during what state deciduous vegatation was in when the photography
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Leaf on
taken during leaf on conditions
Leaf off
taken during leaf off conditions
DPI
DPI (Dots Per Inch) of the digital scans of the original film transparencies.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
AvFtPerPix
Calculation relating the scale of the photography to the DPI of the scanned imagery to provide a ground measurement, in feet, for each pixel. Defined by [photo scale/image DPI/12]
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Compiler
Entity responsible for compiling the original data.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Maintainer
Entity responsible for maintaining the current data.
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
SHAPE.area
SHAPE.len
Information encoded about the tile area polygon features includes the name of the corresponding photo image (PHOTO_NO), the aerial flight data (FLTLINE_NO, ROLL_NO, PHOTODATE, PHOTOTIME, PHOTOSCALE, etc.) AND project data (PHOTO_YR, VEGETATION, TIDE_CNTRL, etc.)
not applicable
State of Connecticut, Department of Enviromental Protection
mailing and physical address
79 Elm Street
Hartford
Connecticut
06106-5127
USA
860-424-3034
860-424-4054
dep.gisdata@ct.gov
Monday to Friday, 08:30 to 16:30 Eastern Standard Time
Connecticut 1980 Coastal Photography Tile Index
Although this data set has been used by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection as to the accuracy of the data and or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection in the use of these data or related materials. The user assumes the entire risk related to the use of these data. Once the data is distributed to the user, modifications made to the data by the user should be noted in the metadata.
Shapefile, Feature Class
ArcGIS
Zip file
http://www.ct.gov/deep
An online copy of the data may be accessed without charge.
The data distributor does not provide custom GIS analysis or mapping services. Data is available in a standard format and may be converted to other formats, projections, coordinate systems, or selected for specific geographic regions by the party receiving the data.
Geographic information sytem (GIS), computer-aided drawing or other mapping software is necessary to display, view and access the information.
20120119
State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection
Kevin O'Brien
mailing and physical address
79 Elm Street
Hartford
Connecticut
06106-5127
USA
860-424-3034
860-424-4054
dep.gisdata@ct.gov
Monday to Friday, 08:30 to 16:30 Eastern Standard Time
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time
None. No restrictions or legal prerequisites for accessing the metadata.
None. No restrictions or legal prerequisites for using the metadata after access is granted.
None
None
No restrictions for handling the metadata.
http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
ESRI Metadata Profile